LFL Lighting - Full Process LED Lighting Solutions Provider Since 2013.
L/C at sight is safer for the buyer, period. The supplier's bank only releases payment against compliant shipping documents. If the goods aren't shipped, the documents don't exist, and your money doesn't move. The downside is bank fees (0.1–0.3% of the L/C value) and administrative overhead — the supplier needs to produce documents that exactly match the L/C terms, and even small discrepancies can delay payment.
T/T 30/70 is the industry standard and faster, but your 30% deposit is at risk if the supplier disappears. For a first order over $20,000–50,000, an L/C at sight is worth the bank fees. For smaller orders, T/T 30/70 with a supplier you've verified (third-party audit, reference calls, business license check) is the pragmatic choice. Never pay 100% upfront on anything larger than a sample order — that's not industry practice, and any supplier asking for it should raise a flag.
We accept both T/T (30/70 standard) and L/C at sight. For our take on the full procurement process, see our import guide.
The warranty period doesn't directly tell you the driver's expected lifespan — it tells you how long the supplier is contractually obligated to replace it if it fails. A well-designed driver with quality components can last 50,000+ hours (that's over 11 years at 12 hours/day). A driver from the same brand but built to a lower cost target might fail at 20,000 hours. Both could carry a 5-year warranty if the supplier is pricing in expected replacements.
What actually matters: the Tc rating (case temperature at which the lifetime is specified), the capacitor brand and temperature rating (Japanese capacitors at 105°C vs. Chinese capacitors at 85°C — this is the single biggest factor in driver longevity), and the surge protection rating. A driver with a 5-year warranty but 2 kV surge protection will fail faster in the real world than one with a 3-year warranty and 6 kV surge protection if your grid has voltage spikes.
This is why we specify driver model numbers, not just brand names, and provide Tc ratings in our quotations. See our LED lifetime article for why L70 and warranty are measuring different things.
HS code 9405.11 (fixed ceiling/wall luminaires, LED), EU duty rate 3.7% on the CIF value. Add 19% German import VAT (Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) on top of CIF + duty. If you're VAT-registered in Germany, the import VAT is recoverable — it's a cash-flow impact, not a final cost. LED high bays, street lights, and floodlights typically fall under 9405.40 at 2.7% duty. LED strip lights are usually 9405.41 at 3.7%. Confirm the exact HS code with your customs broker before the shipment sails — reclassifying at the border is expensive. And don't forget the ErP energy label registration in EPREL — without it, customs may hold the container regardless of what duty you've paid. We cover the full compliance picture in our EU certifications guide.